Crustacean aquaculture (prawns, cws, crabs, lobsters) yog kev ciaj sia taus thiab tseem cov khoom lag luam zoo kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom siv. Ob tus cwj pwm tsim nyog txuas rau tus nqi ua lag luam yog cov xim muaj zog thiab kev noj qab haus huv. NkagAstaxanthin- lub ntuj liab-txiv kab ntxwv carotenoid nrog kev ua haujlwm raws li xim xim thiab lub zog ua kom muaj zog. Muab cov khoom noj raws li cov pub - cov kua txiv, feem ntau {3} {}}
Tom ntev ntev -} Daim ntawv xov xwm sib tham txog yuav ua li casAstaxanthinCov Tub Txib rau hauv crustaceanss, sau cov pov thawj rau cov penmentation thiab kev tiv thaiv cov kev tiv thaiv, thiab kov cov kev nyab xeeb, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab ua lag luam cov teeb meem rau cov tuam ntxhab.
Dab tsi yog Astaxanthin? Ib lub luv luv primer
AstaxanthinYog ib qho xanthophyll carotenoid uas yog ib txwm tsim los ntawm microalgae (xaffia / paintions hloov cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv Krill, cws, thiab salmon qus. Astaxanthin tsis hloov mus rau vitamin ib qho zoo li pro {{1} {{{{{{{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {{4 4} {} { Hauv aquateeds nws yog feem ntau muab tau zoo li cov hmoov mloog lossis cov roj uas nyiam ua rau cov khoom siv ntawm kev ua haujlwm) lossis los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtis.
Vim li cas palmentation teeb meem hauv crustaceans
Pigmentation yog qhov zoo attribute ntawm qhov tseeb:
- Cov neeg siv khoom siv duab: liab / txiv kab ntxwv xim ntawm kev teb hauv cov cws siav lossis cov plhaub plhaub muaj zog thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom.
- Cov neeg ua lag luam hwm: pigmented tsiaj ntawm tus nqi tshaj ntawm cov khw muag khoom thiab cov lag luam xa tawm.
- Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv & Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Xim tseem muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev noj haus thiab tag nrho cov mob.
Raws li crustaceans tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog carotenoids de novo, kev noj haus cov khoom noj ntawm Astaxanthin yuav tsum muaj rau kev ua tiav thiab txij nkawm ntawm lub siab xav tau.
Yuav ua li cas xim yog tsim los ntawm Astaxanthin thiab qhov twg nws tau khaws cia
Kev noj movAstaxanthinyog nqus tau nyob rau hauv lub plab, lipoprotein - thauj thiab protein - bound rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab exoskeleton. Nws yog khaws cia hauv:
- Exoskeleton (plhaub) -}} cuam tshuam cov xim plhaub xim.
- Cov nqaij mos (nqaij) -} sib pab liab / xim liab thaum ua siav.
- Qe thiab larvae - tus yuam sij rau broodstock Zoo thiab Larval Qoj.
Daim foos tshuaj (pub dawb, lossis cov protein - bound), sours}
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv antioxidant - lwm ib nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg
Astaxanthin'sKev qhia txog kev pheej hmoo ncua ntev ntev dhau ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm hauv pigmentation. Nws yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo uas quenches dawb radicals thiab nkauj oxygen, tiv thaiv cov kab mob cell thiab cov orgidative kev puas tsuaj. Astaxanthin hauv crustaceans:
- Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm antioxidant enzymes xws li superoxide dismutase (sod) thiab catalase.
- Txo Lipid Peroxidation (Malondivdehyde, MDA) hauv ntaub so ntswg.
- Nce hemocyte suav thiab phagocytosis (cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm crustacean innate immunity).
- AIDS tus tsiaj kom thev dhau ib puag ncig cov kev ntxhov siab ib puag ncig (kev hloov pauv, kub, neeg Hypoxia, muaj kev txwv oxidative puas.
Vim tias crustaceans muaj innate immunity, antioxidant muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob (kab mob, kab mob fungal) thiab txo kev tuag.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj: Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau li cas
Daim xim
- Chien & Shiau (2005) thiab lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau xaiv tau tias cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj ntau lub plhaub thiab cov xim sib xyaw ua ke rau kev tswj tsis tau.
Kev Loj Hlob & Kev Nyuaj Siab
- Niu li al. (2009) tau tshaj tawm tias cov ntawv tshaj tawm LitropAreus Vannamei pub rau Astaxanthin tau muaj kev ciaj sia siab dua, muaj txoj sia nyob rau kev ntxhov siab.
Kev teb tsis muaj zog
- Lauj kaub li al. (2011) Tshaj tawm Hemocyte siab thiab siab antioxidant kev ua si hauv Astaxanthin- Qhov ntsuas ntawm kev txhim kho innatekev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog.
Kev ua me nyuam muaj me nyuam
- Txhim Kho Broodstock kev ua tau zoo (daug tus nqi, qe zoo, Las zog ciaj sia ntawm Mitunpol li al. (2005) thiab lwm tus nrog Astaxanthin-} suplemented cov pluas noj rau broods.
Xyuas
- Cov ntsiab lus rov los ntawm Guerin li al. (2003) thiab Wade li al. (2017) xav txog cov haujlwm sib txawv ntawmAstaxanthinHauv cov aquaculture -} kev luam tawm, tsis muaj zog, pigmentation, thiab lwm yam.
Cov Tswv Yim Thov: Dosing, Daim Ntawv, thiab Pub Ua
Raug tus nqi incusion
Cov tshuaj pom zoo cov tshuaj sib txawv los ntawm hom, theem ntawm lub neej, thiab lub hom phiaj ntau lawm. Kev siv dav dav siv hauv kev sim thiab ntawm - ua liaj ua teb siv:
- PostLarvae / Juetiles: 25-75 mgAstaxanthin/ kg pub (los yog tsawg nyob ntawm qhov chaw potency).
- Loj hlob -}} tawm cw / crabs rau xim & Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv & Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: 50-150 Pub / Kg pub.
- Broodstock / Humpery Pub: Cov Nqi Zog (piv txwv li, 100-200 mg / kg) yog ib txwm tsav lub qe carotenoids thiab cov vagility verobility.
NCO TSEG: Ntau cov neeg tsim khoom Astaxanthin hauv Mg tag nrho Astaxanthin rau ib kg pub. Yuav tsum Quantify cov khoom lag luam (piv txwv li,% Astaxanthin los ntawm qhov hnyav) thiab kho kom haum.
Qhov chaw twg
- Microalgal (Haematococcus pluvialis) Astaxanthin - ntuj tsim, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm esters; kev ua si siab thiab bioavailability; Zoo tshaj plaws xaiv.
- Poeast -} derived Astaxanthin- Qhov muaj nqis.
- Synthetic Astaxanthin - tsawg dua kim, tab sis feem ntau cov kev ua kom zoo rau antioxidant kev ua si thiab "ntuj" thov.
Tsim & Ruaj Khwv
- Astaxanthin yog lub teeb thiab oxygen - rhiab. Microencapsulate los yog siv cov neeg nqa khoom roj los txhim kho kev ruaj khov hauv kev tsim khoom noj (extrusion, pelleting) thiab cia.
- Xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidants (piv txwv, vitamin E) hauv kev pub mis kom ruaj khov ostaxanthin thiab synerocize antioxidant muaj nuj nqi.
- Vim hais tias Astaxanthin yog cov rog - Soluble, muab cov ntaub txaij txaus kom tso cai rau kev nqus.
Timing: Lub Vev Xaib Ntxiv Cov Qhov rai
- Broodstock: Pre - Cov Ntshav Los ntawm Broodstock nrogAstaxanthin(lis piam rau lub hlis) nce qe carotenoids, daug kev ua tiav thiab txoj kab kev noj qab haus huv.
- Cov chaw zov me nyuam / thaum kawg hluas: cov khoom siv thaum ntxov ua rau muaj txoj sia nyob thiab thawj zaug kev loj hlob.
- Loj hlob {{0- tawm: phased lossis txuas ntxiv ntxiv yuav tiv thaiv cov xim thiab kev ua siab ntev rau kev ntxhov siab; Qib yog qee zaum muaj kev nce ua ntej sau ua ntej sau los txhawb lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
Synergies nrog lwm cov as-ham
AstaxanthinFeem ntau yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sib xyaw nrog:
- Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA / DHA): ruaj khov wembranes thiab tag nrho kev noj qab haus huv.
- Vitamin E & Selenium: Synergistically tiv thaiv lipids thiab cov protein los ntawm peroxidation.
- Txaus siab protein & amino acids: rau kev loj hlob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb
AstaxanthinYog qhov zoo heev ua pov thawj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv qib hauv aquaculture.
Tsis muaj zaub mov {{- Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb rau cov neeg tau txais kev pabcuam tsis nyob; Astaxanthin yog kev noj haus antioxidant nyob rau hauv tib neeg ntxiv daim ntawv nws tus kheej.
Txhua zaus ua raws li cov kev pub noj hauv zos pub ntxiv - Cov cim kev tso cai tso cai thiab sau npe yog cov chaw nyob sab nraud.
Economic & Cov Kev Pab Nyiaj
Txhim kho cov nqi ua lag luam rau zoo - xim crustaceans.
- Txo cov qoob loo thiab cov FCRS zoo dua tuaj yeem ua kom ncaj ncees los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntxiv.
- Txhim kho cov tsiaj yug menyuam (ntawm broodstock pub khoom) txo cov noob tsheb thiab txhim kho cov kev ntseeg tau ntau yam.
- Ntuj bio -} ntawv labeling (thaum siv algae -}Astaxanthin) tuaj yeem qhib hwm hwm cov lag luam thiab tus nqi -} them cov neeg siv khoom niches.
- Cov neeg cog qoob loo yuav tsum tau them tus nqi khoom lag luam (zoo li tsis muaj nqi
Kev ruaj khov thiab sourcing
Kev Tsim Kho Microalgae (photobioractors lossis qhib cov pas dej) yog nyob ruaj khov yog tias ua tiav.
Lub luag hauj lwm ntau lawm AlgalAstaxanthinYog tsim nyog rau ntuj -} Cov khoom thov thiab tuaj yeem sib xws nrog Eco- ntawv pov thawj.
Cov Ntawv Teev Cov Lus Qhia Rau Cov Neeg Ua Si & Cov Ntawv Sau Khoom Noj
- Txhais tau lub hom phiaj - pigmentation, tiv thaiv kab tiv thaiv kabmob, kev txhawb nqa broodstock, lossis cov hom phiaj sib xyaw.
- Xaiv qhov chaw - xav tau ib algalAstaxanthinrau antioxidant kev ua; Synthetic yog tias muaj peev xwm siv nyiaj ruaj khov.
- Paub tseeb potency & ruaj khov -}} хAXANTHIN, ESTERIFATION, cov cab kuj muaj hom, thiab lub neej cia.
- Ua kom tiav kev suav nrog tus nqi ntawm cov tsiaj & theem; Pib nrog cov qib kev sib cav thiab sim ua haujlwm.
- Tswj kom muaj kev ua lag luam - siv cov tsheb thauj khoom me me thiab lipid; Txheeb kom sov / oxygen minimized.
- Ntxiv rau kev noj haus nrog vitamin e, omega-3s thiab pilanced protein.
- Tshawb cov txiaj ntsig - pkmentation (ntsuas & ciaj sia taus, fitocyte tooj, sod, MDA).
Hloov cov sijhawm thiab cov koob tshuaj & cov koob tshuaj raws li qhov tshwm sim thiab kev lag luam.
Txwv thiab kev txiav txim siab
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hom, pib kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab tus neeg ib leeg - ntu- Nyob.
- Suprra - Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv Ua Ntej Cov Ntsiab Lus Rov Qab Los Ntawm Cov Xim Thiab Tej zaum yuav tsis ntseeg.
- Kev cia thiab kev ua cov khoom poob tuaj yeem txo cov koob tshuaj tau zoo yog tiasAstaxanthinyog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.
Tag
Astaxanthin HmoovPuas yog ob - -} Cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb thiab txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv zoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsim kom zoo, tsim tawm, thiab hnav,Astaxanthinboosts survival, growth, stress resistance, reproductive function and product quality - an investment worthy for progressive crustacean producers.
Raws li kev tsim covAstaxanthinLos ntawm cov khoom ntuj ntawm lub ntsuas loj dhau los ua kev lag luam ntau dua thiab ua kom muaj qhov tseem ceeb (ruaj khov, encapsulation), nws yuav nce dua los ua cov tshuab crustacean ntau lawm.
Ntawv Sawv cev
Chien, YH, & Shiau, WC (2005). The effects of dietary supplementation of algae and synthetic astaxanthin on the pigmentation, survival, growth, and reproduction of kuruma prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Cov ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm Quav Caab Ntsig Kev Tshawb Fawb, 24 (2), 529-536.
Guerin, M., Huntley, kuv, & Olaizola, M. (2003). Haematococcus Astaxinthin: Cov ntawv thov rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Tiam sis nyob rau hauv biotechnology, 21 (5), 210-216.
Meunpol, O., Meejing, P., & piyatiratitivorakul, S. (2005). Kev ua kom tiav kev noj haus raws li Astaxanthin txhawb nqa hauv Shrimp Broodstock (Pulaeus Monodon). Aquaculture Tshawb Fawb, 36 (13), 1216-1225.
Niu, J., Tian, Liu, Yj, YJ, YJ, YJ, nej, Gao, W., & Maiv, KS (2009). Cov nyhuv ntawm kev noj haus astaxanthin ntawm kev loj hlob, ciaj sia taus, thiab kev ntxhov siab rau cws (Litpenaeus Vannamei). Aquaculture, 287 (3-4), 404-408.
Lauj kaub, ch, chien, yh, & hunter, B. (2011). Lub antioxidant kev tiv thaiv kab ke ntawm cws yog txhim kho los ntawm kev noj zaub mov astaxanthin. Aquaculture, 315 (3-4), 264-268.
Wade, NM, Gabaudan, J., & Glencross, BD (2017). Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev siv carotenoid thiab ua haujlwm hauv crustacean aquaculture. Kev txheeb xyuas hauv Aquaculture, 9 (2), 141-156.
Zhang, Y., Sun, Z., Hnub, P., Chen, T., & Chen, F. (2014). Microalgal Astaxanthin: Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Siv Khoom. Biotechnology kev nce qib, 32 (8 (8 (831-1743.
